Spain Politics refers to the political system and governance of Spain, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy located in Southwestern Europe. It encompasses the various institutions, ideologies, political parties, and policies that shape the governance of the country. The political landscape in Spain is characterized by a multi-party system, with significant parties including the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE), the People’s Party (PP), and newer parties like Podemos and Ciudadanos.
The Spanish political system operates under a constitution established in 1978, which laid the foundation for a democratic framework following the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. This includes the division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Spain has a bicameral parliament, known as the Cortes Generales, consisting of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. Regional politics also play a significant role, with autonomous communities having varying degrees of legislative power.
Major issues in Spain politics include economic policy, regional autonomy (especially in Catalonia and the Basque Country), immigration, and social issues. Political dynamics can be influenced by historical legacies, economic conditions, and societal changes, making Spain’s political scene both complex and evolving.